As the UK ramps up defence spending and opens the door for more SMEs to contribute to national security, understanding security clearance is more important than ever. Whether you’re hiring for sensitive defence projects or planning to scale your workforce, clearance isn’t just red tape — it’s critical to compliance, capability, and credibility.
In this blog, we break down the different types of security clearance, explain who needs it, outline the clearance process, and share practical tips for employers — especially SMEs — to support candidates through vetting and ensure compliance with Ministry of Defence (MOD) security clearance levels and requirements.
A New Era for Defence SMEs
The UK government’s recent commitment to increase defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2027 is set to provide a significant boost to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across the defence sector. With a government-backed SME support hub and new targets in place, thousands of smaller businesses will gain better access to the defence supply chain — unlocking opportunities for innovation, contract wins, and job creation.
While this investment presents exciting potential, it also introduces challenges — particularly around accessing skilled, security-cleared professionals. To seize the opportunity, SMEs must ensure their workforce can meet MOD clearance requirements.
Types of Security Clearance
In the UK, there are several levels of security clearance, each with different requirements and access levels. Here are the most common:
Baseline Personnel Security Standard (BPSS)
BPSS is the foundation level of screening, typically used for individuals in entry-level roles or those who require routine access to government buildings. It’s not a formal security clearance but is a mandatory pre-employment check for anyone working in or with government departments. It includes:
- Identity verification
- Right to work and immigration status checks
- Criminal record (unspent convictions)
- Employment history and references
Security Check (SC)
SC clearance is the most common vetting level for defence and government projects. It is required for individuals who have access to sensitive but not top-secret information. SC clearance involves:
- BPSS checks
- A criminal record check (spent and unspent convictions)
- Credit and financial history
- A detailed questionnaire covering personal background
- Checks on family members or close associates in some cases
Developed Vetting (DV)
DV is the highest level of security clearance in the UK and is typically required for roles involving access to highly classified information. The process is extensive and intrusive, reflecting the sensitivity of the roles. It includes:
- All SC checks
- In-depth interviews with the individual and their referees
- Assessment of personal relationships, lifestyle, and overseas travel
- Regular reviews (typically every 5–10 years)
Other Clearance Levels
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NATO Clearance –
Required for roles involving NATO classified information. It is often aligned with UK SC or DV levels depending on the role.
-
CTC (Counter-Terrorist Check) –
Used for individuals with access to sensitive sites (e.g., airports, ports, or MOD facilities) where there may be a risk of terrorist threat.
Who Needs Security Clearance?
Security clearance is most often required for roles within:
- The Ministry of Defence and its supply chain
- Defence equipment manufacturers and contractors
- Aerospace and defence technology providers
- IT and cyber security companies supporting national security
- Intelligence and counter-terrorism agencies
Common job titles that require clearance include:
- Systems and software engineers
- Cybersecurity professionals
- Project and programme managers
- Mechanical and electrical engineers
- Intelligence analysts
- Procurement and supply chain specialists
- Technical consultants and defence logistics staff
UK Residency Requirements
One critical factor that is sometimes overlooked is the residency requirement for security clearance in the UK. To ensure thorough vetting, candidates must have lived in the UK for a specified period before they are eligible:
- Security Check (SC): Typically requires 5 years of continuous UK residency.
- Developed Vetting (DV): Requires 10 years of continuous UK residency.
- BPSS: No strict residency requirement, but checks must be verifiable within the UK.
Short-term travel or holidays abroad are not usually an issue, but extended overseas stays — especially in non-allied countries — can cause delays or eligibility issues.
Exceptions may be made for British citizens who have lived abroad in trusted nations (e.g. NATO or EU countries), but these are reviewed case by case. Dual nationals and those with significant overseas ties may also face additional scrutiny.
Employers should assess residency history early in the hiring process to avoid delays and identify any potential complications.
The Clearance Process: What to Expect
The process for gaining security clearance varies depending on the level required. However, it generally follows these steps:
- Sponsorship – Individuals cannot apply for clearance on their own; they must be sponsored by an employer with the relevant contract or role.
- Application Submission – Candidates complete their vetting application through the United Kingdom Security Vetting (UKSV) service.
- Initial Checks – Identity, criminal record, financial, and employment checks are carried out.
- Further Vetting – For SC and DV, additional background checks, interviews, and references may be required.
- Decision – Clearance is granted or denied, usually within 6–12 weeks for SC and up to 9 months or longer for DV.
- Review – Security clearance must be maintained and renewed periodically, especially if there are role or employer changes.
How SMEs Can Support Employees Through Clearance
For small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in the defence sector, navigating the security clearance process can feel overwhelming — especially when timelines are tight. However, there are steps you can take to support your team and ensure project deadlines aren’t compromised:
- Plan Early: Begin clearance discussions at the offer stage or earlier to account for possible delays.
- Educate Candidates: Help new hires understand what information they’ll need, and support them in completing their forms accurately and promptly.
- Maintain BPSS Records: Ensure BPSS is completed correctly and documented, as it is the baseline for all higher clearances.
- Work with a Specialist Recruiter: Partnering with a defence recruitment agency experienced in defence roles and clearance processes can significantly reduce your time-to-hire.
- Check Residency History: Ensure candidates meet the required years of UK residency for the relevant clearance level.
- Manage Expectations: Clearance isn’t guaranteed. Keep clients and candidates informed throughout the process.
Security clearance is an essential part of working in the UK defence sector, whether you’re a multinational defence contractor or an SME supporting a key project. With the right knowledge, preparation, and support, the clearance process can be navigated smoothly — helping you access top talent and deliver critical projects with confidence.
Work With Experts Who Understand Defence Recruitment
At Jonathan Lee Recruitment, we’ve supported defence and security organisations (like NP Aerospace, CES Advanced Armour and Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL)) for over 45 years. Our consultants understand the vetting process, the timelines, and the challenges — and we know how to match cleared professionals with projects that matter.
Need Help Hiring for Security-Cleared Roles?
At Jonathan Lee Recruitment, we specialise in defence recruitment. Whether you need engineers, project managers, or specialist consultants with active SC or DV clearance, we’re here to help.
📞 Speak to Matt Johnson on 01952 987033
🔗 Learn more about how we’re helping SMEs build skilled teams for defence industry growth
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